www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-onl...читать дальшеGold Drinking Bowl with Handle
Date: 8th century
Culture: Avar
Medium: Gold
Dimensions: 4.7 × 16.5 × 17.6 cm, 486g Other (cup): 4.7 x 16.5 x 13.1 cm
Accession Number: 17.190.1708
On view in Gallery 301
LABEL OBJECT INFORMATION RELATED OBJECTS ONLINE RESOURCES
This ensemble of objects, all found together in Vrap, in modern-day Albania, attests to the wealth of the Avars, a nomadic tribe of mounted warriors from the Eurasian steppe. The Avars maintained a complex relationship with the Byzantine empire from the sixth to the eighth century, at times protecting the empire's borders, at times raiding the very lands they had agreed to defend. Tribute payments from the Byzantine empire and war booty provided the Avars with enormous amounts of gold and silver. Avar goldsmiths created works of exceptionally high quality and were counted among the ruling class.
This treasure contains an array of belt fittings, some richly decorated, some unfinished or defectively cast. It also includes several vessels: a ewer with a Greek inscription, a sixth-century Byzantine bucket used for drawing water, several simple goblets with covers, and a more elaborate goblet decorated with personifications of four ecclesiastical centers in the Byzantine world, including its capital, Constantinople. Why this varied group of objects was brought together remains a mystery. Some scholars have suggested that the objects were part of a treasure belonging to an Avar chief; others have speculated that they were materials belonging to an Avar craftsman. Though some have asserted that the vessels were created by a provincial Byzantine artist, it is more likely that most of them were made to emulate Byzantine works admired from afar.www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-onl...www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-onl...Метрополитен-музеум
sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeda:Avaric_-_Drinking_B...читать дальшеThis bowl is one of the finest pieces from a large treasure found in 1902 in a field at Vrap, Albania. The handle is decorated on the upper side in a casting technique known as "chip-carving," in which the outlines are cut into the mold on a slant. (By contrast, the designs of the handle's underside are engraved.) The sinuous patterns echo designs in Persian and Byzantine art. The shape of the handle also shows eastern influence. Two holes in the handle allow the bowl to be hung, possibly from the trappings of a horse.
The Avars, a confederation of nomadic tribes of Central Asian origin, rose to power in eastern Europe in the 6th century. Most of the Avar finds come from the area of their strongholds in Pannonia (present-day Hungary). This treasure appears to have been deposited in the middle Danube region in the grave of an Avaric Khagan (king) who reigned in the second half of the 7th century. Later, the grave was robbed and the treasure brought to the area of modern Albania.
The hoard consists of 46 objects, including gold buckles, strap-ends for belts, and belt ornaments, all but two of which (this bowl and a goblet in the Archeological Museum, Istanbul) are in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (inv. 17.190.1673-1712).
Data circa 700 (Early Medieval)Walters Art Museum
sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesari_i_VrapitВыходит, эта форма существовала как минимум с 8 века, и тогда же зафиксирована в Восточной Европе. Существовала ли она там и в промежутке между 8 и 13 веками, или монголы принесли её из Центральной Азии заново?